Shaivism

Shaivism is a major tradition within Hinduism that emphasizes the worship of Shiva as the supreme being. Shiva is considered one of the three main deities in Hinduism, alongside Brahma and Vishnu, and is often depicted as a meditating ascetic, surrounded by serpents and wearing a crescent moon on his forehead.

Religious Beliefs
In Shaivism, Shiva is seen as the source of all creation and destruction, and his worship is believed to lead to spiritual liberation. The Shaiva tradition includes a range of practices, including meditation, yoga, and the performance of puja (worship) and other rituals.

Philosophical Beliefs
One of the most important philosophical beliefs in Shaivism is the concept of monism, which holds that there is only one ultimate reality, identified with Shiva, and that the universe and all its manifestations are expressions of Shiva's divine nature. Some Shaiva schools of thought, however, hold a dualistic view of reality, which posits the existence of both Shiva and individual souls. The idea of Maya, or the illusory nature of the material world, is another key concept in Shaivism. The material world is seen as a projection of Shiva's divine consciousness, but it is ultimately illusory and temporary. Shaivism also recognizes the concepts of karma and rebirth, which are central to many Hindu schools of thought. The ultimate goal of spiritual practice in Shaivism is to attain liberation from the cycle of rebirth and merge with the divine. Worship of Shiva as the supreme being is a central aspect of Shaivism, and Shiva is seen as the ultimate reality and the source of all existence.

Social and Political Beliefs
Shaiva traditions have emphasized the importance of social harmony, community service, and the cultivation of moral values as essential components of a well-lived life. Shaiva philosophy also emphasizes the importance of spiritual knowledge and self-realization as a means of achieving true happiness and inner peace, rather than material possessions or external accomplishments. In terms of political philosophy, Shaivism has emphasized the importance of ethical and just governance, and has often been associated with movements for social justice and reform. Some Shaiva thinkers have also advocated for a more decentralized and egalitarian form of governance, in which power is shared among different social groups rather than concentrated in the hands of a ruling elite.

Schools of Shaivism
Hinduism encompasses various schools of thought or philosophies, known as darshanas, that have developed over time. Some of the major schools of Hinduism include:


 * 1) Vedanta: Vedanta is a philosophical school that emphasizes the unity of all existence and the identity of the individual soul (Atman) with the ultimate reality (Brahman).
 * 2) Yoga: Yoga is a spiritual and physical discipline that includes a range of practices such as meditation, breathing techniques, and physical postures, with the aim of achieving spiritual insight and liberation.
 * 3) Samkhya: Samkhya is a dualistic philosophical school that posits the existence of two ultimate realities: Purusha (consciousness) and Prakriti (matter).
 * 4) Nyaya: Nyaya is a school of logic that emphasizes the importance of critical thinking and analysis in understanding reality.
 * 5) Vaisheshika: Vaisheshika is a school of metaphysics and epistemology that posits the existence of atoms and the importance of empirical observation and inference in understanding the nature of reality.
 * 6) Mimamsa: Mimamsa is a school of Vedic interpretation that focuses on the performance of rituals and the study of sacred texts.
 * 7) Tantra: Tantra is a school of thought that emphasizes the importance of ritual practices and the worship of deities to achieve spiritual insight and liberation.

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 * Shaivism