Materialism

Materialism is a metaphysical stance that only the materials exists, in contrast to Idealism. The notion of materialism itself had existed before Buddhism.

Modern materialism is mainly influenced by Feuerbach, who used to be interested in Young Hegelianism. Feuerbach's materialism was expanded to dialectical materialism by Marx, who advocated that communism is the inevitable next stage of capitalism. Marx's theory of Dialectical Materialism had later influenced many state atheist policies in Soviet Union, Albania, North Korea, and especially China and ect.

Historical Materialism
Historical materialism is a philosophical approach developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, which asserts that material conditions determine the structure of society and that historical change is driven by changes in the economic base. According to this view, social and political institutions are a reflection of the underlying economic system, and class struggle is the driving force behind historical development.

Dialectical Materialism
Dialectical materialism is a philosophical approach developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, which combines the ideas of materialism and dialectics. It asserts that matter is the primary substance of the universe, and that everything in the universe can be understood through its material basis. Dialectical materialism also emphasizes the importance of change, conflict, and contradiction in driving historical development.

Marxist Materialism
Marxist materialism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes the importance of social, economic, and political factors in shaping human thought and behavior. According to this view, ideas and beliefs are not independent of material conditions, but are determined by them. Marxist materialism also asserts that the mode of production is the most important factor in determining the structure of society.

Eliminative Materialism
Eliminative materialism is a philosophical approach that denies the existence of mental states, such as beliefs, desires, and emotions, and argues that these concepts should be eliminated from scientific discourse. According to this view, mental states are not ontologically real and cannot be reduced to physical states, such as neural activity in the brain.

Physicalism
Physicalism is a philosophical approach that asserts that everything in the universe is physical in nature, and that mental states and consciousness can be explained entirely in terms of physical processes in the brain. According to this view, the physical world is the only real world, and all phenomena, including mental phenomena, can ultimately be reduced to physical laws and properties.

Neural Monism
Neutral monism is a philosophical approach that asserts that there is only one substance in the universe, and that both matter and mind are different aspects of this substance. According to this view, mental and physical phenomena are not fundamentally different, but are different perspectives on the same underlying reality.

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 * Materialism