Spinozism

Spinozaism is the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza. Spinozaism combines a commitment to a number of Cartesian metaphysical and epistemological principles with elements from  ancient Stoicism,  Hobbes, and medieval Jewish rationalism into a nonetheless highly original system. The naturalistic views on God, the world, the human being and knowledge serve to ground a moral philosophy centered on the control of the passions leading to virtue and happiness. They also lay the foundations for a strongly democratic political thought and a deep critique of the pretensions of Scripture and sectarian religion.

Theory of Substance
For Spinoza, Substance underlies our experience, but it can also be known by its various attributes. He does not specify how many attributes substance has, but he says that human beings, at least, can conceive of two—namely, the attribute of extension (physicality) and the attribute of thought (mentality). For this reason, Spinoza is also known as an “attribute dualist”, and he claims that these two attributes cannot be explained by each other, and so must be included in any complete account of the world.