Origenism

Origenism is a christian theological beliefs developed by Origen of Alexandria, who lived between 185 and 253. An ascetic and theologian, he greatly influenced the course of Christian theology, incorporating from Philo, a fellow Alexandrian who was a contemporary of Jesus, an allegorical reading of Scripture, and he sought to incorporate the teachings of Neoplatonism into Christianity. He is most famously known for having written the work "Against Celsus", in which he defended the Christian faith from allegations made by a Roman philosopher known for his fierce criticisms. Origen also defended the doctrine of free will, strongly opposed the worship of idols he perceived as 'pagan', and supported a form of pacifism which was in line with his ascetic ideals. However, he also taught controversial doctrines among Christian circles such the eventual salvation of all human souls (which led certain Latin Christian theologians such as St. Jerome to accuse him of extending universal salvation to fallen angels), the subordination of the Son to the Father, and the pre-existence of the souls, which he sought to use against those who believed in predestination. Ultimately those views were rejected by the wider Chalcedonian Christian Church, and anathemized as heretical, but he continued to influence various theologians, such as John Scotus Eurigena, St. Gregory of Nyssa and Benedict XVI.

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 * Origenism