Eleaticism

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Eleaticism
Basic Information
Aliases	Eleatics
Alignments	Mainstream  Metaphilosophy  Metaphysics  Ontology Science
Greatest achievement	Zeno’s Paradoxes
Collectives	European Philosophy
Philosophical Influences
Influenced by	Ephesian School Eternalism Monism Pythagoreanism
Influenced	Atomism Materialism Milesian School Platonism Pluralism Rationalism
Preceded	Milesian School
Succeeded	Atomism
Philosophical Information
Year	5th century BC
Region of origin	Ancient Greece
Foundation	Parmenides (5th century BC), Ancient Greece
Notable Theorists	Greece Xenophanes (570-478 BC), Ancient Greece Anaxagoras (500-428 BC), Ancient Greece Zeno of Elea (495-430 BC), Ancient Greece Empedocles (494-434 BC), Ancient Greece Protagoras (490-420 BC), Ancient Greece Gorgias (483-375 BC), Ancient Greece Democritus (460-370 BC), Ancient Greece Plato (424/423-348/347 BC), Ancient Greece Melissus (5th century BC), Ancient Greece Parmenides (5th century BC), Ancient Greece Aristotle (382-322 BC), Ancient Greece Timon of Phlius (320-235 BC) Europe Marcus Aurelius (121-180), Roman Empire Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677), Netherlands Karl Popper (1902-1994), Austria/United Kingdom
Notable ideas	Monism Truth/Opinion Distinction
Variations
Sub-Philosophies	Parmenideanism Anaximanderism (Debatable) Eternalism Heraclitianism Monism Skepticism Xenophaneanism
Schools of Thought	Melissusianism Parmenideanism Xenophanism Milesian School Zeno's Paradoxes Dialectics Ontology
Character Information
Likes	Monism
Dislikes	Human Perceptions

Eleaticism is a Pre-Socratic philosophy. Eleaticism was distinguished by its radical Monism — i.e., its doctrine of the One, according to which all that exists (or is really true) is a static plenum of Being as such, and nothing exists that stands either in contrast or in contradiction to Being.

Beliefs

Eleaticism rejected the epistemological validity of sense experience, and instead took logical standards of clarity and necessity to be the criteria of truth. Of the members, Parmenides and Melissus built arguments starting from sound premises. Zeno, on the other hand, primarily employed the reductio ad absurdum, attempting to destroy the arguments of others by showing that their premises led to contradictions (Zeno's paradoxes).

The main doctrines of the Eleatics were evolved in opposition to the theories of the early physicalist philosophers, who explained all existence in terms of primary matter, and to the theory of Heraclitus, which declared that all existence may be summed up as perpetual change. The Eleatics maintained that the true explanation of things lies in the conception of a universal unity of being. According to their doctrine, the senses cannot cognize this unity, because their reports are inconsistent; it is by thought alone that we can pass beyond the false appearances of sense and arrive at the knowledge of being, at the fundamental truth that the "All is One". Furthermore, there can be no creation, for being cannot come from non-being, because a thing cannot arise from that which is different from it. They argued that errors on this point commonly arise from the ambiguous use of the verb to be, which may imply actual physical existence or be merely the linguistic copula which connects subject and predicate.

Further Information

Wikipedia

• Eleatics